Delta G from high pT events at SMC and high pT analysis at COMPASS

Measurements of the longitudinal spin cross section asymmetry for deep inelastic muon-nucleon interactions with two high transverse momentum hadrons ($p_T >$ 0.7 GeV) in the final state are presented for SMC data for polarized proton and deuteron and for data on polarized deuteron from COMPASS taken in 2002 and 2003. The muon asymmetries determined with a cut on $Q^2>$ 1 GeV$^2$ in SMC are: $A_p = 0.03 \pm 0.057\pm 0.01$ and $A_d = 0.070 \pm 0.076 \pm 0.010$, respectively. From these values a gluon polarization $\Delta G /G = -0.20\pm 0.28\pm 0.10$ was obtained at an average fraction of nucleon momentum carried by gluons $\eta = 0.07$. The measured asymmetry (with cut on $Q^2>$ 1 GeV$^2$) in COMPASS is $(A_d/D) = -0.015 \pm 0.08 \pm 0.013$ where D is depolarization factor and the gluon polarization $\Delta G /G = 0.06\pm 0.31\pmComment: 4 pages, 3 figures, Talk given at 10-th International Conference Baryons04, October 25-29, 2004, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, Franc

Gluon Polarisation in the Nucleon from COMPASS

New results on the longitudinal inclusive asymmetry $A^{d}_{1}$ and the spin-dependent structure function $g^{d}_{1}$ is the range 0.002 (GeV/c)$^{2}$ 1 (GeV/c)$^{2}$) are in agreement with those from previous experiments, improve considerable the statistical accuracy for 0.004 $< x <$ 0.03 region and have been included in new COMPASS NLO QCD analysis of the world data. The new preliminary result for $\Delta G/G$ from the charm channel is $-$0.57$\pm$ 0.41$(stat.)$ at $x_{G}\simeq$ 0.15 and scale $\mu^{2}\simeq$ 13 (GeV/c)$^{2}$. The gluon polarization from high-$p_{T}$ hadron pairs is $\Delta G/G =$ 0.016 $\pm$ 0.058$(stat.) \pm$ 0.055$(syst.)$ at $x_{G}\simeq$ 0.085$^{0.07}_{0.035} (Q^{2} <$ 1 (GeV/c)$^{2}$ and $\mu^{2}\simeq$ 3 (GeV/c)$^{2}$)

The usability of the optical parametric amplification of light for high-angular-resolution imaging and fast astrometry

High-angular-resolution imaging is crucial for many applications in modern astronomy and astrophysics. The fundamental diffraction limit constrains the resolving power of both ground-based and spaceborne telescopes. The recent idea of a quantum telescope based on the optical parametric amplification (OPA) of light aims to bypass this limit for the imaging of extended sources by an order of magnitude or more. We present an updated scheme of an OPA-based device and a more accurate model of the signal amplification by such a device. The semiclassical model that we present predicts that the noise in such a system will form so-called light speckles as a result of light interference in the optical path. Based on this model, we analysed the efficiency of OPA in increasing the angular resolution of the imaging of extended targets and the precise localization of a distant point source. According to our new model, OPA offers a gain in resolved imaging in comparison to classical optics. For a given time-span, we found that OPA can be more efficient in localizing a single distant point source than classical telescopes.Comment: Received: 11 November 2017, revision received: 31 January 2018, accepted: 31 January 201

Principles of High Performance MEA Fabrication

A well-designed fuel cell that gives good performance, while being durable and relatively inexpensive, involves the careful consideration of several aspects. In this project, the focus is on the MEA, or the membrane electrode assembly, and the improvements that can be made to the design and fabrication of the MEA. A theoretical model of MEA performance was considered in order to develop an understanding of the key aspects affecting it. Further, a literature review was done to gain an experimental understanding of the various factors involved in the fabrication and performance of the MEA. With this background, as well as from experimental observations, the process for fabricating high performance MEAs was considered and an effort made to fabricate MEA with superior performance

Dusty Universe viewed by AKARI far infrared detector

We present the results of the analysis of multiwavelength Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs) of far-infrared galaxies detected in the AKARI Deep Field-South (ADF--S) Survey. The analysis uses a carefully selected sample of 186 sources detected at the 90 $\mu$m AKARI band, identified as galaxies with cross-identification in public catalogues. For sources without known spectroscopic redshifts, we estimate photometric redshifts after a test of two independent methods: one based on using mainly the optical -- mid infrared range, and one based on the whole range of ultraviolet -- far infrared data. We observe a vast improvement in the estimation of photometric redshifts when far infrared data are included, compared with an approach based mainly on the optical -- mid infrared range. We discuss the physical properties of our far-infrared-selected sample. We conclude that this sample consists mostly of rich in dust and young stars nearby galaxies, and, furthermore, that almost 25% of these sources are (Ultra)Luminous Infrared Galaxies. Average SEDs normalized at 90 $\mu$m for normal galaxies (138 sources), LIRGs (30 sources), and ULIRGs (18 galaxies) a the significant shift in the peak wavelength of the dust emission, and an increasing ratio between their bolometric and dust luminosities which varies from 0.39 to 0.73.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, published in Earth, Planets and Spac

Properties of star forming galaxies in AKARI Deep Field-South

The main aim of this work is the characterization of physical properties of galaxies detected in the far infrared (FIR) in the AKARI Deep Field-South (ADF-S) survey. Starting from a catalog of the 1 000 brightest ADF-S sources in the WIDE-S (90$\mu$m) AKARI band, we constructed a subsample of galaxies with spectral coverage from the ultraviolet to the far infrared. We then analyzed the multiwavelength properties of this 90$\mu$m selected sample of galaxies. For galaxies without known spectroscopic redshifts we computed photometric redshifts using the codes Photometric Analysis for Redshift Estimate (Le PHARE) and Code Investigating GALaxy Emission (CIGALE), tested these photometric redshifts using spectroscopic redshifts, and compared the performances of both codes. To test the reliability of parameters obtained by fitting spectral energy distributions, a mock cataloge was generated. We built a large multiwavelength catalog of more than 500 ADF-S galaxies. We successfully fitted Spectral Energy Distributions of 186 galaxies with $\rm{\chi^2_{min}<4}$, and analyzed the output parameters of the fits. We conclude that our sample consists mostly of nearby actively star-forming galaxies, and all our galaxies have a relatively high metallicity. We estimated photometric redshifts for 113 galaxies from the whole ADF-S sample. Comparing the performance of Le PHARE and CIGALE, we found that CIGALE gives more reliable redshift estimates for our galaxies, which implies that including the IR photometry allows for substantial improvement of photometric redshift estimation.Comment: 16 pages, 20 figures, accepted for publication in A&

Impact of European Integration on the Functioning of the Insurance Market in Poland

The transformation process, that has begun 20 years ago, generated significant changes in the structure and organization of Polish economy. It stimulated development of particular market's segments, especially of the insurance sector. Poland's accession to the European Union required conformity to Its regulations, fulfillment of several conditions connected with the membership in the European Community. The purpose of this article is to present the main consequences of Poland's integration with EU in the field of insurance market. Joining the common market was an important challenge for this sector in our country.Rok 1990 stanowił początek procesu transformacji systemu społeczno - gospodarczego i ustrojowego. Ostatnie 20 lat to okres intensywnych przemian o charakterze strukturalnym i organizacyjnym, w wyniku których ukształtowały się warunki rozwoju poszczególnych segmentów systemu finansowego państwa, zwłaszcza sektora ubezpieczeń. Przystąpienie Polski do Unii Europejskiej wymagało wprowadzenia szeregu zmian, dostosowujących polski porządek prawny do uregulowań wspólnotowych regulujących funkcjonowanie rynku ubezpieczeń. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie szans i zagrożeń, jakie wynikają dla tego segmentu gospodarki z przystąpienia Polski do UE. Niewątpliwie proces integracji stanowił poważne wyzwanie dla polskiego rynku ubezpieczeń

Nanomechanical Pyrolytic Carbon Resonators: Novel Fabrication Method and Characterization of Mechanical Properties

Micro- and nanomechanical string resonators, which essentially are highly stressed bridges, are of particular interest for micro- and nanomechanical sensing because they exhibit resonant behavior with exceptionally high quality factors. Here, we fabricated and characterized nanomechanical pyrolytic carbon resonators (strings and cantilevers) obtained through pyrolysis of photoresist precursors. The developed fabrication process consists of only three processing steps: photolithography, dry etching and pyrolysis. Two different fabrication strategies with two different photoresists, namely SU-8 2005 (negative) and AZ 5214e (positive), were compared. The resonant behavior of the pyrolytic resonators was characterized at room temperature and in high vacuum using a laser Doppler vibrometer. The experimental data was used to estimate the Young’s modulus of pyrolytic carbon and the tensile stress in the string resonators. The Young’s moduli were calculated to be 74 ± 8 GPa with SU-8 and 115 ± 8 GPa with AZ 5214e as the precursor. The tensile stress in the string resonators was 33 ± 7 MPa with AZ 5214e as the precursor. The string resonators displayed maximal quality factor values of up to 3000 for 525-µm-long structures

Variation of selected cyclic properties depending on temperature of the test

Determination of fatigue life involves many factors, among them temperature in which the structure is working. Based on the literature data, the authors present the influence of temperature on cyclic properties of the selected materials. Further analysis proves that, in the case of alloyed steels, temperature affects some quantities characterizing fatigue parameters.Констатовано, що умови експлуатації елементів машин і пристроїв, які використовують в енергетиці, характеризуються змінами температури від кімнатної до дуже високої. Це призводить до істотної зміни механічних властивостей досліджуваних матеріалів. В результаті аналізу зміни вибраних циклічних властивостей залежно від температури встановлено основні закономірності для низьколегованих сталей і високолегованих чавунів.Констатировано, что условия эксплуатации элементов машин и устройств, которые используют в энергетике характеризуются изменениями температуры от комнатной до весьма высокой. Это приводит к существенному изменению механических свойств исследуемых материалов. В результате анализа изменения избранных циклических свойств в зависимости от температуры установлено основные закономерности для низколегированных сталей и высоколегированных чугунов